man-made rock (sedimentary analogue)
Concrete with Exposed Aggregate
Anthropogenic conglomerate (Concrete)
Hardness: 3-7 Mohs (variable by aggregate); Color: Gray binder with multicolored fragments; Luster: Dull/Matte (binder), varies for aggregate; Structure: Amorphous binder with clastic inclusion; Specific Gravity: ~2.4
- Hardness
- 3-7 Mohs (variable by aggregate)
- Color
- Gray binder with multicolored fragments
- Luster
- Dull/Matte (binder), varies for aggregate
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-7 Mohs (variable by aggregate); Color: Gray binder with multicolored fragments; Luster: Dull/Matte (binder), varies for aggregate; Structure: Amorphous binder with clastic inclusion; Specific Gravity: ~2.4
Formation & geological history
Formed through a chemical hydration process of Portland cement mixed with water, sand, and gravel. Geologically recent (Anthropocene). The aggregates within are often natural river rocks or crushed stone.
Uses & applications
Primary building material for infrastructure, sidewalks, foundations, and decorative architecture.
Geological facts
Concrete is the most widely used man-made material on Earth. When cured, it undergoes a chemical reaction called hydration rather than just 'drying'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by the presence of a gray cementitious paste holding various small, rounded or angular stones together. Found globally in urban environments and construction sites.
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