Concrete with Exposed Aggregate

Physical Properties

Hardness: 3-7 Mohs (variable by aggregate); Color: Gray binder with multicolored fragments; Luster: Dull/Matte (binder), varies for aggregate; Structure: Amorphous binder with clastic inclusion; Specific Gravity: ~2.4

Formation & Geological History

Formed through a chemical hydration process of Portland cement mixed with water, sand, and gravel. Geologically recent (Anthropocene). The aggregates within are often natural river rocks or crushed stone.

Uses & Applications

Primary building material for infrastructure, sidewalks, foundations, and decorative architecture.

Geological Facts

Concrete is the most widely used man-made material on Earth. When cured, it undergoes a chemical reaction called hydration rather than just 'drying'.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by the presence of a gray cementitious paste holding various small, rounded or angular stones together. Found globally in urban environments and construction sites.

Identified on: 4/17/2026

Mode: Standard