mineral

White Topaz

Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 (Aluminium Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide)

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless (white); Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific gravity: 3.4–3.6.

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale
Color: Colorless (white)
Luster: Vitreous

Identified March 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless (white); Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific gravity: 3.4–3.6.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a result of fluoride-bearing vapors given off during the last stages of the crystallization of igneous rocks (granitic pegmatites and rhyolitic lavas).

Uses & applications

Primary use is in gemstone jewelry as a budget-friendly alternative to diamond; also used in industrial abrasives and as a source for fluoride in some chemical processes.

Geological facts

Topaz is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals. Historically, it was often confused with diamond. Clear white topaz is frequently treated with irradiation and heat to create commercial 'Blue Topaz'.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high harness (scratches quartz), perfect basal cleavage (splits flat on one end), and high density. Found commonly in Brazil, Russia, and the United States (Texas/Utah).

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