metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al)3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs; Color: Various shades of green, yellow, or black; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Structure: Fibrous or platy; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Various shades of green, yellow, or black
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs; Color: Various shades of green, yellow, or black; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Structure: Fibrous or platy; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, often occurring at tectonic plate boundaries or subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, architectural facings, and as a source of asbestos or magnesium. High-grade varieties like 'Noble Serpentine' are used in lapidary work and jewelry.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often creates 'serpentine soils' that are toxic to many plants but host rare, endemic species.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy feel, green color, and frequent network of small white veins. Look for it in ophiolite complexes and fault zones.
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