metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Primary mineral: Lazurite, (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. This process results from the heat and pressure of intruding igneous bodies which transform the sedentary rock into a complex metamorphic rock. Notable deposits are over 6,000 years old.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (beads, cabochons, carvings) and as an ornamental stone. Historically ground into powder to create the precious pigment ultramarine for Renaissance paintings.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was prized by ancient Egyptians who used it for the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It is technically a rock, not a single mineral, because it is composed of multiple minerals including lazurite, pyrite, and calcite.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its unique 'Royal Blue' color and the presence of gold-colored pyrite specks. Found mainly in Afghanistan (Sar-i Sang), Chile, and Russia. Collectors look for intense blue saturation with minimal white calcite.
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