igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock (composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)
Hardness: 6-7 on the Mohs scale; Color: typically white, pink, or gray with mottled dark crystals; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on the Mohs scale
- Color
- typically white, pink, or gray with mottled dark crystals
- Luster
- vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on the Mohs scale; Color: typically white, pink, or gray with mottled dark crystals; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granite dates back to the Precambrian era, though it has formed throughout geological history in continental crustal settings.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments. Also used as crushed stone for road aggregate and railroad ballast.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Famous natural landmarks like Yosemite's Half Dome and Mount Rushmore are carved from granite. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones available.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible, interlocking crystals of quartz (clear/gray) and feldspar (white/pink). Found in mountainous regions and continental shields globally, such as the Appalachian Mountains or the Scottish Highlands.
