igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Salt and pepper (pink, white, gray, and black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Salt and pepper (pink, white, gray, and black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Salt and pepper (pink, white, gray, and black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a plutonic rock that cools over millions of years, allowing large crystals to form. Found in continental crust ranging from Precambrian to Cenozoic ages.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction, countertops, monuments, paving stones, and as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up the majority of the Earth's continental crust. Yosemite National Park's famous Half Dome and El Capitan are massive granite monoliths. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'mosaic' of visible crystals, including glassy quartz, opaque feldspar, and dark specks of mica or hornblende. It is found globally in mountainous regions and shield areas like the Canadian Shield.
