igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Igneous Rock (composed primarily of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled grey, white, pink, and black; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal Structure: phaneritic (large, visible interlocking crystals); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically mottled grey, white, pink, and black
- Luster
- vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled grey, white, pink, and black; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal Structure: phaneritic (large, visible interlocking crystals); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma beneath Earth's surface (intrusive). Geological age spans from the Archean to the Cenozoic, commonly found in continental crust and mountain ranges.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as dimension stone, countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and memorial monuments. Also used as crushed stone for road base and railroad ballast.
Geological facts
Granite makes up the bulk of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Everest's summit consists of limestone, but its base is largely granitic plutons. It is incredibly durable, lasting for thousands of years as seen in Ancient Egyptian monuments.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible, interlocking crystals of quartz (translucent) and feldspar (opaque). Common in mountain belts and shield areas. For collectors, seek out specimens with large orthoclase crystals or rare inclusions.
