igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Igneous Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled pink, white, gray, and black. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible crystals). Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Mottled pink, white, gray, and black
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled pink, white, gray, and black. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible crystals). Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Geological age varies widely from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most common stones used by humans throughout history, including the ancient Egyptian pyramids.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals. Common in mountain ranges and glacial till. Collectors look for unique mineral inclusions or large crystals.
