igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt and pepper (white, gray, and black); Luster: Sub-vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Salt and pepper (white, gray, and black)
- Luster
- Sub-vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt and pepper (white, gray, and black); Luster: Sub-vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface during the Precambrian to Cenozoic eras, often in continental crustal environments like mountain roots.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as a dimension stone for large-scale infrastructure.
Geological facts
Granite makes up the majority of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most durable common stones, which is why it has been used since ancient Egyptian times for building obelisks and pyramids.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its interlocking visible crystals and lack of foliation. Common in shield areas and mountain ranges like the Sierra Nevada or the Appalachians.
