igneous
Granite
Phaneritic plutonic rock (Quartz, Feldspar, Mica/Amphibole)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Pink, white, gray, and black mottled; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible interlocking crystals); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar, absent in quartz.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Pink, white, gray, and black mottled
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Pink, white, gray, and black mottled; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible interlocking crystals); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar, absent in quartz.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). They are typically of Precambrian to Cenozoic age and form the core of most continental crustal plates.
Uses & applications
Massively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, curbing, and crushed stone. Used as dimension stone for monuments and public buildings due to durability and aesthetics.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the continental crust. The name comes from the Latin 'granum', meaning a grain, in reference to its coarse-grained structure. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz (clear/gray), feldspat (pink/white), and biotite or hornblende (black). It will scratch glass easily and does not react to acid.
