igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pink, white, and grey speckled; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Pink, white, and grey speckled
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pink, white, and grey speckled; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). The pink color indicates a high concentration of potassium feldspar. Granite is found in continental crust and can range from billions of years old to relatively recent geological periods.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction (countertops, flooring), dimension stone for monuments, and as crushed stone for road aggregate and railroad ballast.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is extremely durable and resistant to weathering, which is why it is used for major monuments like Mount Rushmore.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' or speckled appearance with visible crystals. Commonly found in mountain ranges and glacial deposits. For collectors, look for high quartz and feldspar content.
