igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Gray, white, and black mottled; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar, none in quartz.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Gray, white, and black mottled
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Gray, white, and black mottled; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar, none in quartz.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica. This intrusive rock forms over millions of years within the Earth's continental crust.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and memorial monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal. It is also a source of crushed stone for road bases.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. El Capitan in Yosemite National Park is one of the world's most famous granitic monoliths. It is one of the hardest natural stones humans use.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz (clear/gray) and feldspar (white/pink). It is commonly found in mountain ranges and ancient shield areas of continents.
