igneous
Granite
Phaneritic plutonic rock (dominated by Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled pink, white, and grey. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible crystals). Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Mottled pink, white, and grey
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled pink, white, and grey. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible crystals). Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface in plutonic environments. Most granite formations date back to the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, curbing, and as a decorative stone in monuments. High value as an industrial building material.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones, which is why it has been used since ancient Egypt for obelisks and pyramids.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals. Commonly found in mountainous regions or where glacial activity has deposited 'erratics.'
