igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black
- Luster
- vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Geological ages vary widely from the Archean to the Cenozoic, commonly found in continental crust within mountain belts and batholiths.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as crushed stone for road base and concrete aggregate.
Geological facts
Granite makes up the bulk of the Earth's continental crust. The Egyptian pyramids, such as the Red Pyramid and the chambers of the Great Pyramid, utilize massive granite blocks. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones available.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its coarse-grained 'salt and pepper' appearance and the presence of interlocking quartz, feldspar, and mica crystals. It is found globally in mountainous regions and shield areas like the Canadian Shield or the Appalachians.
