igneous
Granite
Intrusive Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Salt-and-pepper appearance with phaneritic (large, visible) crystal structure. Mohs hardness: 6 to 7. Color: Grey, white, and black mottled pattern. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6 to 7
- Color
- Grey, white, and black mottled pattern
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
Identified More igneous →
Explore Granite in the encyclopedia →Identify your own rocks.
Get a report just like this from any photo, free.
Physical properties
Salt-and-pepper appearance with phaneritic (large, visible) crystal structure. Mohs hardness: 6 to 7. Color: Grey, white, and black mottled pattern. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling and solidification of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). The large crystals indicate a long cooling period. It is primarily found in continental crust and can be millions to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments. It is also used as a crushed stone for road bases and concrete aggregate. High value as a durable architectural material.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the most common rocks on Earth's surface and makes up a significant portion of the continental crust. It is incredibly durable and resistant to erosion, which is why it forms the core of many mountain ranges.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its coarse-grained texture and the presence of quartz, feldspar, and biotite mica. Look for the sparkly quartz and dark flecks of mica. Common in shield areas and mountain cores globally. Collectors look for unique mineral inclusions.
