igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic igneous rock composed primarily of Quartz and Feldspar)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Gray, salt-and-pepper, or white with dark flecks; Luster: Pearly to dull; Texture: Phaneritic (coarse crystals); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7 g/cm3.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Gray, salt-and-pepper, or white with dark flecks
- Luster
- Pearly to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Gray, salt-and-pepper, or white with dark flecks; Luster: Pearly to dull; Texture: Phaneritic (coarse crystals); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7 g/cm3.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). They are common in continental crust and are typically associated with mountain-building events over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, flooring, monuments, and curbing. Smaller weathered pieces are used as landscaping gravel or road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the continental crust. Half Dome in Yosemite National Park is one of the world's most famous exposures of granitic rock.
Field identification & locations
Identify by looking for a 'salt and pepper' appearance with visible crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is extremely common in riverbeds and mountainous glaciated regions.
