igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Igneous Rock (primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: White, gray, pink with black specks; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Varies by mineral; Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- White, gray, pink with black specks
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: White, gray, pink with black specks; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Varies by mineral; Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface. It is a plutonic rock that cooling slowly over millions of years, allowing large crystals to form.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as a structural building stone due to its durability.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest natural stones and has been used in architecture since Ancient Egypt, including the casing of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' appearance of light and dark minerals and visible crystal grains. Found globally in major mountain ranges and continental shields.
