igneous
Granite
Granite (phaneritic felsic intrusive rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Mottled pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible crystals); Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Mottled pink, white, gray, and black
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Mottled pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible crystals); Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a coarse-grained intrusive rock rich in quartz and feldspar, often associated with continental crust formation over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal. It is also a popular specimen for educational mineral study.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found at Earth's surface. The iconic 'Half Dome' in Yosemite National Park is made of granodiorite, a close relative of granite. It is extremely resistant to weathering.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is found in abundance in mountain ranges and shields globally. Collectors should look for unique proportions of pink orthoclase feldspar.
