igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Intrusive Igneous Rock (Granite)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (gray, white, black); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Salt and pepper (gray, white, black)
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (gray, white, black); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma beneath the Earth's surface. It is a major component of continental crust and can be millions to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, monuments, and as crushed stone or aggregate for roads.
Geological facts
Granite makes up much of the foundation of the Earth's continents. Famous landmarks like Yosemite's Half Dome and Mount Rushmore are carved from granite formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' crystalline texture and extreme hardness (it will scratch glass). Commonly found in mountain ranges and eroded continental shields.
