igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Igneous Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Pink, reddish-brown, white, and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar grains; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Pink, reddish-brown, white, and black
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Pink, reddish-brown, white, and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar grains; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granites date from the Precambrian to Cenozoic eras, often found in the core of mountain ranges.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as crushed stone for road bases.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. It contains at least 20 percent quartz by volume and is usually rich in potassium feldspar.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its visible 'salt and pepper' crystalline texture and extreme hardness. Look for interlocking crystals of quartz (clear/grey) and feldspar (pink/white). Common in batholiths and mountain belts worldwide.
