igneous
Granite
Intrusive igneous felsic rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Variegated gray, white, and black; Luster: Dull to pearly (mica flakes); Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained), typically containing quartz, feldspar, and biotite mica; Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Variegated gray, white, and black
- Luster
- Dull to pearly (mica flakes)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Variegated gray, white, and black; Luster: Dull to pearly (mica flakes); Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained), typically containing quartz, feldspar, and biotite mica; Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface in continental crust environments. Granite is found in mountain belts and shield areas, often dating back hundreds of millions to billions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction, countertops, floor tiles, monuments, and as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest natural substances and is famous for forming batholiths like the Yosemite granite domes.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its interlocking mineral grains of different colors (salt and pepper appearance). Can be found globally in mountainous or glaciated regions. Collectors look for unique mineral inclusions or large crystals.
