metamorphic
Greenstone (Epidosite or Serpentinite)
Metabasalt / Epidote-Chlorite Schist
Hardness: 5-7 (Mohs); Color: dull forest green to sage green with brownish patches; Luster: earthy to waxy; Texture: fine-grained, sometimes foliated; Specific Gravity: 2.85-3.0.
- Hardness
- 5-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- dull forest green to sage green with brownish patches
- Luster
- earthy to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-7 (Mohs); Color: dull forest green to sage green with brownish patches; Luster: earthy to waxy; Texture: fine-grained, sometimes foliated; Specific Gravity: 2.85-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed through low-grade regional metamorphism (greenschist facies) of mafic igneous rocks like basalt. This process often occurs at subduction zones or seafloor spreading centers where oceanic crust is subjected to heat and pressure.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as decorative stone, aquarium rocks, lapidary material for cabochons, and historically for stone tools such as axes due to its toughness.
Geological facts
The term 'greenstone' is a general field term for any compact, dark-green altered igneous rock. It is a major component of 'Greenstone Belts' which contain some of Earth's oldest preserved rocks and important gold deposits.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic green hue caused by chlorite, epidote, or actinolite. Common in riverbeds of mountainous regions like the Pacific Northwest, Appalachians, and the Alps. It is much tougher than most sedimentary rocks.
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