metamorphic
Quartzite with Hematite staining
Metamorphosed Quartz Sandstone (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: White to grey with reddish-brown oxidation; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline); Fracture: Conchoidal to irregular; Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7.
- Hardness
- 7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- White to grey with reddish-brown oxidation
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: White to grey with reddish-brown oxidation; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline); Fracture: Conchoidal to irregular; Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.7.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of quartz-rich sandstone under intense heat and pressure, typically during mountain-building events (orogeny). The reddish staining is caused by the oxidation of iron minerals (hematite).
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative stone in landscaping, crushed stone for road construction, and ballast. High-purity quartzite is used to produce glass and silicon metal.
Geological facts
Quartzite is so tough that it often breaks through the individual quartz grains rather than around them. It is one of the most mechanically and chemically resistant rocks found on Earth's surface.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its extreme hardness (it will easily scratch glass) and lack of reaction to acid. It is commonly found in ancient mountain belts and shield areas globally.
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