mineral

Emerald in Matrix

Emerald (Beryllium Aluminum Silicate), Be3Al2(SiO3)6

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Intense green due to trace amounts of chromium or vanadium; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Intense green due to trace amounts of chromium or vanadium
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium-bearing host rocks (like schist or limestone). They are often found in metamorphic or igneous contact zones dating from the Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in high-end jewelry. Rough specimens in matrix are highly sought after by mineral collectors for display.

Geological facts

Emerald is one of the 'Big Three' precious colored gemstones alongside ruby and sapphire. Unlike most gemstones, inclusions (referred to as a 'jardin' or garden) are expected and often used to verify authenticity and origin.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hexagonal prismatic crystal habit and distinct 'emerald green' color. In the field, look for green hexagonal crystals embedded in white quartz, calcite, or dark mica schist. Common locations include Colombia, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Zambia.

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