mineral

Azurite

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs); Color: Vivid Deep Blue; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair; Specific Gravity: 3.77-3.89

Hardness: 3
Color: Vivid Deep Blue
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified April 11, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs); Color: Vivid Deep Blue; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair; Specific Gravity: 3.77-3.89

Formation & geological history

Azurite is a secondary copper mineral formed by the weathering and oxidation of primary copper sulfide ores (like chalcopyrite) in carbonate-rich environments. It is often found in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as an ore of copper, in jewelry (cabochons), as a pigment for oil and watercolor paints historically, and as highly prized collector specimens.

Geological facts

Azurite was used as a blue pigment in paintings during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Over time, it can chemically weather into Malachite (green), which is why many old paintings now show green skies or foliage where they were originally blue.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its intense 'azure' blue color and its association with Malachite. It reacts (fizzes) when touched with dilute hydrochloric acid. It is commonly found in Arizona (USA), Morocco, Namibia, and France.