mineral

Raw Citrine

Citrine (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to smoky gold; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Pale yellow to smoky gold
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified March 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to smoky gold; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in high-temperature environments such as pegmatites or hydrothermal veins. Natural citrine is rare and results from the presence of iron impurities within quartz combined with natural geothermal heat. Most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used in jewelry, as cabochons or faceted stones, and as a popular decorative specimen for collectors and metaphysical enthusiasts.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is often called the 'Merchant's Stone' as it was historically believed to attract wealth. Genuine natural citrine is dichroic, meaning it shows different shades when viewed from different angles, unlike heat-treated versions.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass) and yellowish hue. Found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors should look for a uniform pale yellow color; heat-treated quartz often shows an opaque white base which natural citrine lacks.