mineral

Hematite Pebble

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: steel-gray to black with reddish-brown undertones, Luster: metallic to sub-metallic, Crystal structure: trigonal, Specific Gravity: 5.26, Streak: reddish-brown.

Hardness: 5
Streak: reddish-brown

Identified July 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: steel-gray to black with reddish-brown undertones, Luster: metallic to sub-metallic, Crystal structure: trigonal, Specific Gravity: 5.26, Streak: reddish-brown.

Formation & geological history

Typically forms in sedimentary iron formations through chemical precipitation in oxygen-rich water environments, volcanic sublimates, or hydrothermal veins. Most major deposits are over 1.8 billion years old.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for steel production; also used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment for paints/crayons, and in gemstone jewelry.

Geological facts

The name 'Hematite' is derived from the Greek word for blood, 'haima', due to the red color of its powdered form. It is the most abundant iron ore mineral on Earth's surface and was even discovered on Mars.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified by its high density (heavy for its size) and its characteristic reddish-brown streak when rubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate. Found globally, significant deposits occur in Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region.