metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile (Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs), Color: olive green, yellow-green, or brownish-green, Luster: greasy, waxy, or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: poor (except in chrysotile fibers), Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs), Color: olive green, yellow-green, or brownish-green, Luster: greasy, waxy, or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: poor (except in chrysotile fibers), Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite or pyroxenite) at low temperatures and high pressures in the presence of water; a process called serpentinization.
Uses & applications
Used as ornamental stone (California State Rock), for making carvings, as a source for magnesium and asbestos (chrysotile), and in sculptures.
Geological facts
It is named for its resemblance to the skin of a snake and is the official state rock of California. When polished, it is often confused with jade.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic greasy luster, waxy feel, and shades of green. It often presents with a fibrous or scaly appearance and is soft enough to be scratched by a knife. Commonly found in subduction zones.
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