Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 Mohs; Color: Honey-yellow to dark brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal system: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 1.05-1.10 (very light, can float in saltwater).

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the fossilized resin of ancient coniferous trees (often Pinus succinifera). Most commercial deposits are from the Eocene epoch, approximately 35-50 million years ago, occurring in marine sedimentary deposits where the resin was preserved.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry making, decorative arts, and as a material for the study of prehistoric life (when inclusions are present). It has also been used in perfumes and traditional medicine.

Geological Facts

Amber is not a stone but an organic gemstone. Famous specimens include the 'Amber Room' in Russia. It is known for trapping prehistoric insects, plant matter, and even small vertebrates in perfectly preserved states.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its light weight and 'warm' feel compared to cold stone. It can be tested by its ability to float in a saturated salt solution or by electrostatic charge when rubbed with a cloth. Common in the Baltic region and Dominican Republic.

Identified on: 5/7/2026

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