sedimentary
Ironstone Concretion (Siderite Nodules)
Siderite (FeCO3) in Mudstone or Sandstone matrix
Hardness: 3.5-4.5 (concretion center); Color: Tan exterior with a reddish-brown/rusty core; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Nodular/massive; Specific Gravity: 3.8-3.96.
- Hardness
- 3
- Color
- Tan exterior with a reddish-brown/rusty core
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3.5-4.5 (concretion center); Color: Tan exterior with a reddish-brown/rusty core; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Nodular/massive; Specific Gravity: 3.8-3.96.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the precipitation of mineral cement (usually iron carbonate or iron oxide) within the spaces between sediment grains. These often grow outward from a nucleus (like a leaf, shell, or bone) during the burial and lithification of sedimentary layers.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as an indicator for fossil hunters; historically used as a low-grade iron ore. Mostly of interest to amateur geologists and collectors.
Geological facts
When cracked open, concretions sometimes reveal perfectly preserved fossils. They are often mistaken for meteorites or dinosaur eggs due to their unusual shapes and heavy iron content.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by looking for rounded, heavy, rust-colored stones that differ in texture from the surrounding bedrock. Often found in riverbeds or eroding cliff faces within shale or sandstone formations.
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