mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black (tumbled), red-brown when powdered; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black (tumbled), red-brown when powdered
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified April 10, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black (tumbled), red-brown when powdered; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in sedimentary environments through precipitation from water or as a result of hydrothermal activity. Major deposits are found in banded iron formations dating back over 2 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production. Used as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), pigments in paints/cosmetics, and frequently as a gemstone for beads and carvings.

Geological facts

Despite its metallic grey appearance when polished, it always leaves a characteristic rust-red streak on a porcelain plate. The name is derived from the Greek word 'haima', meaning blood, due to this red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size) and its reddish-brown streak. Common locations include Brazil, Australia, China, and the Lake Superior region of North America.