mineral

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically white, clear, or milky; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: typically white, clear, or milky
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified April 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically white, clear, or milky; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Forms in all types of geological environments (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary). It commonly crystallizes from magma or precipitates from hydrothermal veins. It is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in glass manufacturing, electronics (due to piezoelectric properties), construction as an abrasive, and as a gemstone in jewelry.

Geological facts

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is chemically and physically very resistant to weathering. It has been used since prehistoric times to make tools like scrapers and arrowheads.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its ability to scratch glass, its lack of cleavage (it breaks in irregular or curved 'conchoidal' patterns), and its translucent to transparent milky appearance. It is found globally in mountains, riverbeds, and beaches.