mineral

Azurite

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep blue, azure to dark blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.9

Hardness: 3
Color: Deep blue, azure to dark blue
Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous

Identified April 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep blue, azure to dark blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.9

Formation & geological history

Azurite is a secondary copper mineral. It forms in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits when carbonate-rich waters percolate through Earth's crust and react with primary copper minerals like chalcopyrite. It is often found associated with Malachite.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a minor ore of copper, a pigment in paints (historically), and very popular as a collector's specimen and in lapidary work for jewelry (cabochons and beads).

Geological facts

Known as 'Chessylite' after the type locality at Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France. In ancient Egypt, it was ground into a powder and used as a blue pigment for eye makeup and wall paintings.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its intense 'azure' blue color and its association with green Malachite. It will effervesce (fizz) when in contact with dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in Arizona (USA), Morocco, and Namibia.