mineral

Diamond

Native Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown (can be fancy colors), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.51-3.53

Identified May 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, approximately 150-250 kilometers deep. Transported to the surface via deep-source volcanic eruptions called kimberlite or lamproite pipes. Most are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in fine jewelry (engagement rings) and as a high-end gemstone. Industrial uses include cutting, grinding, and drilling tools due to extreme hardness, and in high-precision scientific instruments.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth. The name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning invincible. It is comprised of a single element: Carbon.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by any other material) and high refractive index. Commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in Botswana, Russia, Canada, and South Africa. For collectors, look for the 'Hearts and Arrows' pattern seen in high-quality round brilliant cuts.