mineral

Azurite

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5 to 4 on Mohs scale; Color: Intense deep blue to violet-blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (often occurring in tabular or prismatic crystals, but frequently botryoidal or crusty); Cleavage: Fair/Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.7 to 3.9

Hardness: 3
Color: Intense deep blue to violet-blue
Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine

Identified March 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits. It occurs when carbonated waters descend into the earth and react with copper-bearing minerals. It is often found associated with malachite, which is the more stable weathered form.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a minor ore of copper, a pigment throughout history (known as 'mountain blue'), in jewelry as cabochons or beads, and as a highly prized ornamental specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Historically used as a dye for clothing in Ancient Egypt and as a paint pigment during the Middle Ages/Renaissance. Over long periods of time and exposure to air/water, it can chemically weather into green malachite through a process called pseudomorphism.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct, vibrant 'azure' blue color and its association with green malachite stains on rock outcrops. It will effervesce (bubble) when exposed to dilute hydrochloric acid. Common locations include Bisbee (Arizona), Tsumeb (Namibia), and Morocco.