Hematite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Reddish brown, black, to steel gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Formed through precipitation from hydrothermal fluids, oxidation of other iron minerals, or in banded iron formations (BIFs) dating back over 2 billion years.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy industry (steel production), pigments (red ochre), jewelry (beads and cabochons), and as a radiation shielding material.

Geological Facts

Hematite is responsible for the red color of many rocks and the planet Mars. It is much heavier than it looks due to its high iron content. The name comes from the Greek word 'haima', meaning blood.

Field Identification & Locations

Can be identified in the field by its distinct brownish-red streak when rubbed on an unglazed porcelain plate. Found globally, with large deposits in Australia, Brazil, and the Lake Superior region.

Identified on: 5/11/2026

Mode: Standard