metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-Actinolite solid solution series, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage to deep forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking habit); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage to deep forest green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage to deep forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking habit); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultrabasic rocks. Common in contact zones between serpentine and other rock types. Geological age varies by deposit, ranging from Precambrian to Mesozoic.
Uses & applications
Used extensively for jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, sculptures, and historical tool-making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher (more resistant to fracturing) than Jadeite jade because of its interlocking felted fibrous structure. It has been used for over 5000 years in China as a symbol of virtue.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its soapy or greasy feel when wet, extreme toughness, and common occurrence in river beds as rounded, water-worn cobbles. Found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Siberia, and Wyoming.
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