mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (common), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified June 10, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (common), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 150-250 kilometers, and brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions.

Uses & applications

Primary use in jewelry as a gemstone, industrial uses in cutting tools, abrasives, and high-tech heat sinks.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance known on Earth. Many diamonds are billions of years old, often dating back to the early stages of Earth's formation.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its unmatched hardness (scratches all other minerals), high refractive index, and specific gravity. Common locations include South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.