mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs scale); Color: Orangish-red to brownish-orange; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal), microcrystalline; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orangish-red to brownish-orange
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified March 31, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in volcanic rock cavities or sedimentary environments where silica-rich groundwater deposits layers of microcrystalline quartz over thousands of years.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in jewelry (beads, cabochons, rings), decorative carvings, lapidary arts, and as a collector's gemstone.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used since the Neolithic period; it was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians who believed it had protective properties and by Romans for making signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent orange hue and distinct white concentric banding characteristic of agate. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Look for the 'waxy' texture when polished.