mineral

Malachite

Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide, Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5 to 4.0; Color: bright green with light/dark banding; Luster: Adamantine to silky/dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 3.6 to 4.0

Hardness: 3
Color: bright green with light/dark banding
Luster: Adamantine to silky/dull

Identified June 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5 to 4.0; Color: bright green with light/dark banding; Luster: Adamantine to silky/dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 3.6 to 4.0

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidized zones of copper deposits when carbonated waters interact with copper ores. Often associated with azurite, goethite, and calcite.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry, ornamental objects (vases, boxes), and historically as a pigment for paints.

Geological facts

Malachite was used as a mineral pigment in green paints from antiquity until about 1800. It is often found as botryoidal (grape-like) clusters.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct green color, banding, and reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid (it will fizz). Commonly found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Russia, Namibia, and Arizona, USA.

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Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

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Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

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mineral