Organic Gemstone (Mineraloid)
Amber
Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber); Approximate formula: C10H16O
Hardness: 2.0-2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Honey-yellow to reddish-orange and deep brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 1.05-1.10 (very light, floats in saltwater).
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Honey-yellow to reddish-orange and deep brown
- Luster
- Resinous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.0-2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Honey-yellow to reddish-orange and deep brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 1.05-1.10 (very light, floats in saltwater).
Formation & geological history
Formed from the fossilized resin of ancient coniferous trees. The resin underwent polymerization and oxidation over millions of years. Most common specimens date from the Eocene epoch (34-56 million years ago).
Uses & applications
Primary use is in jewelry and decorative arts (beads, pendants). Historically used in folk medicine, perfumes, and as a component in varnishes. Highly valued for scientific study when containing inclusions.
Geological facts
Amber is not a true mineral because it is organic and lacks a crystalline structure. It is famous for trapping 'biological inclusions' such as prehistoric insects, lizard skin, and plant matter in perfect preservation. The largest deposit is found in the Baltic Sea region.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its light weight and warmth to the touch; it will generate static electricity when rubbed against wool. Found primarily in the Baltic region, Dominican Republic, and Myanmar. Be aware of plastic or copal (younger resin) imitations.
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