Sandstone (Quartzose)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brownish-orange, buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8. Feels abrasive like sandpaper.

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. It can range from millions to hundreds of millions of years old.

Uses & Applications

Commonly used as a building material, decorative garden stone, and as a source for glass-making (when high in silica).

Geological Facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Many famous natural landmarks like the Grand Canyon or Petra in Jordan are comprised largely of sandstone.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive 'gritty' texture when rubbed. Often shows visible layers (bedding). Found globally where ancient basins or coastal lines existed.

Identified on: 4/20/2026

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