mineral
Jasper
Chalcedony (SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Primarily red, brown, yellow, or green, often patterned or mottled. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Cryptocrystalline. Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.9.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Primarily red, brown, yellow, or green, often patterned or mottled. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Cryptocrystalline. Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Forms in sedimentary environments, often associated with volcanic activity or hydrothermal veins where silica-rich fluids permeate rocks. Ages vary widely but can be millions of years old.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in lapidary arts for jewelry, carvings, and ornamental objects. Highly valued by collectors for its unique patterns.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used since antiquity for intaglio carvings, seals, and amulets. The name 'jasper' comes from an Old French word meaning 'spotted or speckled stone.'
Field identification & locations
Identify by its opaque nature, characteristic colors (often red from iron inclusions), and smooth polished surface in finished pieces. Commonly found worldwide, notable deposits in India, Russia, USA, and Madagascar.
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