mineral

Desert Rose (also known as Sand Rose)

Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) or Barite (BaSO4) with sand inclusions

Hardness: 2 on Mohs scale (very soft, can be scratched by a fingernail); Color: Tan, sandy, or brownish-white; Luster: Pearly to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (rosette-shaped bladed crystals); Cleavage: Perfect in one direction.

Color: Tan, sandy, or brownish-white
Luster: Pearly to dull/earthy

Identified March 31, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in arid sandy conditions through the evaporation of shallow salt basins. The crystals grow in circular patterns (rosettes) as the water evaporates, trapping sand grains within the mineral structure. They are typically found in Holocene to Pleistocene deposits.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as decorative display specimens for mineral collectors, in holistic practices/metaphysical uses, and occasionally as a source for gypsum in industrial plaster (though rare due to impurities).

Geological facts

Desert roses are not made of sand but are minerals that have grown around sand. The largest desert rose ever found was documented in Oklahoma and weighed over 125 pounds. It is the official state rock of Oklahoma.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct rose-petal-like bladed crystal habit and its softness. Common locations include the Sahara Desert, Mexico (Chihuahua), and the USA (Oklahoma and Arizona). Collectors should look for distinct radial patterns and minimal breakage.

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