Lapis Lazuli

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden flecks; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for lazurite); Cleavage: Imperfect; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9

Formation & Geological History

Formed through contact metamorphism, where heat and pressure from intruding magma transform limestone or dolomite into a silicate-rich rock. Primary source locations are thousands of years old.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry, cabochons, carvings, and as a semi-precious gemstone. Historically ground into 'ultramarine' pigment for fine art.

Geological Facts

Lapis lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians for amulets and funerary masks, including King Tutankhamun's mask. It is one of the oldest opaque gemstones in history.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its characteristic intense blue color mixed with white calcite veins and metallic golden pyrite inclusions. Highly sought after by collectors in Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.

Identified on: 4/21/2026

Mode: Standard