metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Greenish-gray to dark green, often mottled. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Crystal structure: Fibrous or platy (monoclinic). Cleavage: Poor to perfect depending on mineral variety. Specific gravity: 2.5-3.2.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Greenish-gray to dark green, often mottled
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Greenish-gray to dark green, often mottled. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Crystal structure: Fibrous or platy (monoclinic). Cleavage: Poor to perfect depending on mineral variety. Specific gravity: 2.5-3.2.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydrothermal alteration (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries and subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone in architecture, as a source for magnesium, historically for asbestos, and occasionally in jewelry as 'New Zealand Jade' or 'Bowenite'.
Geological facts
It is the official state rock of California. It often contains inclusions of magnetite which can make the rock slightly magnetic and is frequently associated with the presence of chromium and nickel ores.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its distinct green color, 'slickensides' (polished, grooved surfaces), and soapy or waxy feel. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes and mountain belts.
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