mineral

Chrysocolla on Quartz/Rhyolite matrix

Hydrated copper phyllosilicate mineral: (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O

Hardness: 2.5-3.5 (often harder if high silica content); Color: Cyan, turquoise blue, and green with yellowish staining; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (often amorphous or botryoidal); Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.4

Hardness: 2
Color: Cyan, turquoise blue, and green with yellowish staining
Luster: Vitreous to earthy

Identified March 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies. Supergene enrichment occurs as meteoric water leaches copper from primary minerals and precipitates it in fractures/cavities. Found in arid regions typically ranging from Tertiary to Quaternary geological ages.

Uses & applications

A minor ore of copper, but primarily used for gemstones, ornamental carvings, and as a popular lapidary material. It is a highly sought-after specimen for mineral collectors due to its vibrant colors.

Geological facts

Because it is often associated with quartz (forming 'Gem Silica'), it can sometimes be much harder than its base rating. It has been used since antiquity, and its name is derived from the Greek words 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referencing a material used to solder gold.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct sky-blue to bluish-green color and association with other copper minerals like malachite or azurite. It often adheres slightly to the tongue when touched due to its high water content. Common locations include Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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