metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Deep forest green to olive green. Luster: Greasy to vitreous. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous structure). Cleavage: None (fractures into splinters). Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep forest green to olive green
- Luster
- Greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Deep forest green to olive green. Luster: Greasy to vitreous. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous structure). Cleavage: None (fractures into splinters). Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultrabasic rocks. It is found in deposits ranging from the Archean to the Cenozoic era, often in mountain-building zones.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used for jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, figurines, and traditional tools due to its exceptional toughness/resistance to fracturing.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than diamond despite being softer; its interlocking fibrous structure makes it nearly impossible to shatter. It was known as the 'Axe Stone' in prehistoric times.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel when polished and its extreme toughness (it cannot be easily chipped). Found commonly in British Columbia, New Zealand (Pounamu), and Taiwan. Collectors look for uniform color and translucency.
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