mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Red-orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal (cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Red-orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Red-orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal (cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed from silica-rich groundwater depositing layers in cavities or vesicles of volcanic rocks. The red coloring is caused by iron oxide (iron) impurities that oxidize over time.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, seal stones, and as a healing stone in metaphysical practices.

Geological facts

In ancient times, carnelian was believed to give courage in battle. It was widely used in ancient Rome and Egypt for signet rings and amulets because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent quality combined with reddish-orange hues and lack of distinct banding (which would make it a standard agate). Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral

Epidote

Epidote - Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH)

mineral