metamorphic
White Jade (Nephrite)
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Creamy white to pale yellowish-white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: None (splintery fracture); Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Creamy white to pale yellowish-white
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Creamy white to pale yellowish-white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregate); Cleavage: None (splintery fracture); Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or from the chemical alteration of ultramafic rocks. Found in metamorphic belts worldwide.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, high-end ornamental objects, and historically for tools and weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
White jade, specifically the 'Mutton Fat' variety from Xinjiang, China, has been prized for over 5,000 years and was considered more valuable than gold in ancient Chinese culture.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel and exceptional toughness. It is difficult to break with a hammer compared to quartz. Common locations include China, Canada (British Columbia), New Zealand, and Russia.
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